| JREF Homepage | Swift Blog | Events Calendar | $1 Million Paranormal Challenge | The Amaz!ng Meeting | Useful Links | Support Us |
![]() |
|
|
|
|||||||
| Notices |
| Welcome to the JREF Forum, where we discuss skepticism, critical thinking, the paranormal and science in a friendly but lively way. You are currently viewing the forum as a guest, which means you are missing out on discussing matters that are of interest to you. Please consider registering so you can gain full use of the forum features and interact with other Members. Registration is simple, fast and free! Click here to register today. |
|
|
#1 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
What my GF bought
First of all, until yesterday I didn't mind homoepathy. I don't buy into the argument that people who take homeopathic "remedies" would otherwise be treated with real medication.
Alternative medicine is popular for a reason, because it often does less harm overall than most pharmaceutical treatments, and I'm very skeptical of the medical establishment as a whole (as some of you may know). So I'm willing to defend homeopathy most of the time as "At least it doesn't hurt" fully aware that it's a load of crap. But then my GF bought food supplements. She thought she was buying minerals (calcium, magnesium etc) until I read the label. It was "homeopathic minerals." "Homeopathic calcium", "homeopathic magnesium". In reality this stuff doesn't contain any minerals at all. Ok, the label says its homeopathic in fine print in the corner, and the big letters say its Calcium Something. And it doesn't contain an actual mg/dose of the minerals statement, just a "2 pops every day" kinda advice. I'm pissed. This is fraud, dammit. |
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#2 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
Well, what she bought was a fraud, capitalising on the lack of regulation of "homoeopathic" products. It wasn't actually homoeopathy.
That's a different sort of fraud. Rolfe. |
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
#3 |
|
Philosopher
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Blue Heaven, NC
Posts: 5,547
|
And yet you still insist it does no harm? Suppose your GF had a chronic calcium deficiency and desperately needed calcium. Had you not pointed out the total lack of calcium in her calcium pills, she may well have suffered terribly.
How can you honestly still say "at least it doesn't hurt" when you've experienced firsthand how it could? |
|
__________________
Insert witty phrase or out of context post by another member here. |
|
|
|
|
|
#4 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
No problem, it didn't hurt (except for the 15$). You shouldn't fight a nutritional deficiency with pills alone. A dietary change is always better.
I have a couple of magnesium pills around, in case I get symptoms of a magnesium deficiency (My eyes go crazy) I eat a couple of em and remember to buy more veggies and eat less carbohydrates. (Magnesium deficiency can be caused by eating too much processed/refined starch) My GF had got an iron deficiency diagnosed, and was treated with iron infusions. [hint: I'm generally skeptical of injections of this type. If anyone has informations on this type of treatment post something about it] Because the increased iron levels can hamper the absorption of other minerals, she figured it'd be smart to supplement those as a precaution. There simply is no instant remedy pill, where, when you fail to take it, you die or something otherwise horrible happens. Only injections have even the potential to do that (atropine, morphine, insuline, ephenedrine etc) Mineral supplements is something you take to prevent possible problems, and even those supplements can cause problems by themselves as the spurious elements are in a fragile balance. If you take too much of one thing, it'll hamper the absorption of another thing etc. The reason I feel frauded for her is because she wasted a 15$ on something that is worthless for the purpose she bought it for. She does sometimes treat stuff with homoepathy, but even she says she feels cheated. I don't mind people selling homeopathic remedies as long as the label says big n fat that it's homeopathic. A flu usually doesn't need more than the person staying in bed a couple days (and there's no good treatment anyways) Where I think the line is crossed is dietary supplements. |
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#5 |
|
Illuminator
Join Date: Oct 2001
Location: St. Paul, MN
Posts: 3,063
|
If you don't care if it works, so long as it doesn't hurt, I would think you would prefer supplements that didn't contain any actual ingredients. You can certainly do real harm ingesting real minerals. These supplements, on the other hand, are quite safe.
|
|
__________________
The rule is perfect; in all matters of opinion our adversaries are insane. - Mark Twain |
|
|
|
|
|
#6 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
You'd think wrong. I don't mind other people taking worthless stuff (as long as they bear me telling them all the time that <s>they're</s> the medication is worthless) but I do mind people selling something as something that's tried and true when it is in fact worthless.
Consider aspirin. Say you bring a box of aspirine home. You know aspirin, since you've probably taken it a lot. At home you read the label more accurately and realize this is "homeopathic aspirine". Wouldn't you feel cheated? It says "aspirine" right there on the box, but isnt. The example is probably bad since aspirine is a trademark. "Calcium" and "Magnesium" etc are not, and thus are not protected. If I buy a box of dietary supplements that say "X" on them, I expect "X" to be in it. Anything else is fraud. That's a difference to saying "The compound in this box will cure Y" when it actually doesn't. I don't expect any compound to cure Y 100% of the time. I realize some stuffs may actually have a chance at it and others don't. There's a grave difference between saying "This box contains X" and "What's in this box cures Y". You can know X. Knowing what cures Y is a lot harder. Another example: Coke, Weed, Heroin. If I buy a pill off a guy and he tells me its gonna make me fly, I prolly won't kill him if it doesn't in the end. If the guy sells me heroin and it turns out its "homeopathic heroin", he's one dead sucker. You need to know your poison. What I criticise about homeopathy is that it's not working any better than a placebo. What I criticise about "homeopathic calcium" is that it doesn't contain any calcium, I don't care if the calcium "works" or not when buying it, because I buy calcium, not a cure. |
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#7 |
|
Penultimate Amazing
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 10,236
|
Yeah, that acute magnesium deficiency's a real bugger. You may consider laying off the you-know-what, though.
Quote:
Quote:
Quote:
Quote:
ETA: I do have a little sympathy, though. I have several times almost bought homeopathic preparations because it required careful reading to notice that part. Either drug stores shouldn't carry them, or they should be in a section quite different from the conventional therapeutics. Linda |
|
__________________
God:a capricious creative or controlling force said to be the subject of a religion. Evidence is anything that tends to make a proposition more or less true.-Loss Leader SCAM will now be referred to as DIM (Demonstrably Ineffective Medicine) Look how nicely I'm not reminding you you're dumb.-Happy Bunny When I give an example, do not assume I am excluding every other possible example. Thank you. |
|
|
|
|
|
#8 |
|
Philosopher
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Blue Heaven, NC
Posts: 5,547
|
|
|
__________________
Insert witty phrase or out of context post by another member here. |
|
|
|
|
|
#10 |
|
Critical Thinker
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Deep inside an extinct volcano
Posts: 432
|
Why ? Most people who buy homeopathy do not know there is no active substance in it, and depends on some mysterious "potentisation". Ask around. They associate it with "natural", which is another fallacy.
Quote:
Quote:
Quote:
the Kemist |
|
__________________
But there's no sense crying over every mistake. You just keep on trying till you run out of cake. And the Science gets done. -- GLaDOS |
|
|
|
|
|
#11 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
Most people buy drugs because they think they work. If they believe they work because of good advertisement, or because of personal experience isn't important.
Quote:
Quote:
Now the supplements. The thing is, our food isn't natural. Maybe it never was, there's folks who advertise "cavemen diets" - fruits and veggies, little meat, mostly uncooked. Stuff like that. Now its kind of ridiculous to supplement a bad diet with pills, but still. It may have some values. Those minerals probably work even better when digested from plants and animals, rather than in an elemental form, or a salt.
Originally Posted by fls
|
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#12 |
|
Penultimate Amazing
Join Date: Jan 2005
Posts: 10,236
|
Exactly. So, again, you really should have no complaint with the pills your GF bought. She can think the pills work regardless of what they're actually made of, and they're likely to be gentle. Isn't that all she's asking of them?
Quote:
Quote:
Linda |
|
__________________
God:a capricious creative or controlling force said to be the subject of a religion. Evidence is anything that tends to make a proposition more or less true.-Loss Leader SCAM will now be referred to as DIM (Demonstrably Ineffective Medicine) Look how nicely I'm not reminding you you're dumb.-Happy Bunny When I give an example, do not assume I am excluding every other possible example. Thank you. |
|
|
|
|
|
#13 |
|
Philosopher
Join Date: Jul 2005
Posts: 6,138
|
I'll never understand homeopathy ...
What about "like cures like"? Shouldn't a calcium deficiency require some homeopathic remedie other than diluted calcium? So it would actually be very important to clearly label homeopathic remedies as being homeopathic, since one would be looking for different substances, no?
|
|
|
|
|
#14 |
|
Banned
Join Date: Sep 2002
Posts: 26,985
|
Labelling something "homeopathic" is simply a marketing ploy. Chances are the product is lightyears away from being anything homeopathic at all. It's just a bunch of words on the box or tube.
See my sig? It's all about the dollars. |
|
|
|
|
#15 |
|
Decoy
Moderator
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: A magical land full of pink fluffy sheeps and bunnies
Posts: 16,591
|
So that would be all alternative medicine then. It's been said before and will no doubt be said again - there is no such thing as alternative medicine. If it works, it's just medicine. If it doesn't work, it's not any kind of medicine, alternative or otherwise. Don't you feel just a litte hypocritical when you complain about selling worthless things as if they work while at the same time supporting worthless stuff that's sold as if it works?
|
|
__________________
I am not a little teapot. |
|
|
|
|
|
#16 |
|
Graduate Poster
Join Date: Oct 2005
Posts: 1,555
|
|
|
|
|
|
#17 |
|
Orthogonal Vector
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Tarrytown, NY
Posts: 26,432
|
|
|
__________________
Sufficiently advanced Woo is indistinguishable from Parody "There shall be no *poofing* in science" Paul C. Anagnostopoulos Force ***** on reasons back" Ben Franklin |
|
|
|
|
|
#18 |
|
Critical Thinker
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Deep inside an extinct volcano
Posts: 432
|
What most people don't understand is that everything in the body involves chemical reactions, and everything that works (has a real therapeutic effect) therefore contains 'chemicals' (herbal medicine is the founder of the modern pharmaceutical industry). That is why 'natural medicine' is a fallacy. Natural does equal good and gentle in most people's mind (make your own survey). And you do not need to be a hippy for that, granted.
Quote:
Actually, the only people who would really need those supplements either have specific health problems, extremely unhealthy food habits or live in the third world, where they cannot afford them. There is more than one reason to eat healthy instead of going for supplements: - As you said, most vitamins and minerals, especially metals, are better absorbed, with much less problems, in food than in pills (just go on iron supplements and you'll see what I mean with problems). - For a useful/healthy amount of vitamins and minerals, the cost is much less when taking it in food. - Supplements have been known to contain harmful doses of vitamins and minerals, as well as dangerous trace compounds, being sold with little mandatory testing requirements. The food supply by comparison is submitted to mandatory testing and control in the western world. - Eating healthily is part of an effort to have a good lifestyle. If you are not even willing to make an effort to eat properly, what's the odds of you going for physical activity ? And that is why I dislike the food supplement industry. They undermine the effort to help people develop a good lifestyle, while ripping them off. the Kemist |
|
__________________
But there's no sense crying over every mistake. You just keep on trying till you run out of cake. And the Science gets done. -- GLaDOS |
|
|
|
|
|
#19 |
|
Philosopher
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Vancouver BC Canada
Posts: 5,983
|
I think the four key complaints that I have about homeopathy are these:
|
|
__________________
"Sometimes it's better to light a flamethrower than curse the darkness." - Terry Pratchett |
|
|
|
|
|
#20 |
|
Critical Thinker
Join Date: Sep 2007
Location: Riverside county, CA
Posts: 321
|
Don't worry, all that highly diluted "Homeopathic calcium" will work wonders to build up your highly diluted bone structure...
|
|
|
|
|
#21 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
No need to explain it to me. But there are chemical compounds that occur in nature, and there are chemical compounds that don't. Granted, both are 'chemicals' but they do not have to necessarily be chemically produced. Saying A is chemical while B is 'natural' is really nothing more than a crutch for saying 'A is chemically produced and does not occur in nature while B does' - Only people with very little education do not understand this and take 'A is natural, B is chemical' literally.
Quote:
|
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#22 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
|
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#23 |
|
Decoy
Moderator
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: A magical land full of pink fluffy sheeps and bunnies
Posts: 16,591
|
|
|
__________________
I am not a little teapot. |
|
|
|
|
|
#24 |
|
Illuminator
Join Date: Oct 2001
Location: St. Paul, MN
Posts: 3,063
|
I think that most people believe there is a fundamental qualitative difference between natural and synthetic substances. Whether they understand, academically, that "chemical" is not synonymous with "man-made", they still think that, as a rule, man made "chemicals" are more dangerous than natural substances.
|
|
__________________
The rule is perfect; in all matters of opinion our adversaries are insane. - Mark Twain |
|
|
|
|
|
#25 |
|
Banned
Join Date: Aug 2004
Location: Waiting Long Enough By The River
Posts: 17,897
|
Shouldn't homeopathic calcium give you calcium deficiency?
|
|
|
|
|
#26 |
|
Illuminator
Join Date: Oct 2001
Location: St. Paul, MN
Posts: 3,063
|
Hydrofluoric acid would do the trick.
|
|
__________________
The rule is perfect; in all matters of opinion our adversaries are insane. - Mark Twain |
|
|
|
|
|
#27 |
|
Critical Thinker
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Deep inside an extinct volcano
Posts: 432
|
|
|
__________________
But there's no sense crying over every mistake. You just keep on trying till you run out of cake. And the Science gets done. -- GLaDOS |
|
|
|
|
|
#28 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
When we were trying to figure out if there was any homoeopathic preparation we would not be prepared to take a dose of at 6X, the only possible contenders (because of their extreme toxicity in small amounts) were botulinum toxin, pufferfish toxin and a Staph. enteritidis (I think) toxin. All very very natural. Synthetic things like nerve gases weren't even in the frame.
In the end however we decided that there was in fact nothing we wouldn't be prepared to take a single 6X dose of. By the time you've thought about the concentration of the "mother tincture", and how quickly it disappears on diluting, and how small a dose would be, and how much you'd actually get if you just took a sugar pill that had been sprayed with a drop or two of the 6X preparation - well, bring on the puffer-fish, I'm cool. Rolfe. |
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
#29 |
|
Orthogonal Vector
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Tarrytown, NY
Posts: 26,432
|
|
|
__________________
Sufficiently advanced Woo is indistinguishable from Parody "There shall be no *poofing* in science" Paul C. Anagnostopoulos Force ***** on reasons back" Ben Franklin |
|
|
|
|
|
#30 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
I think ricin was one of the ones considered, but it was a lot less toxic than these others. It's "natural" too of course. I don't think we looked at polonium - the discussion was pre Litvinenko. Now, is polonium "natural"? Probably, as it's not a synthetic molecule.
Anyway, it does depend on the dose. Only very very small quantities of the final potency are actually ingested, and it was that which made even that very "low" potency harmless. Note I specified one dose. It would be 5ml or less even of a liquid potency, but if you took a sugar pill it's a tiny amount. They only spray the pills or immerse them in the potency briefly, then allow them to dry. Rolfe. |
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
#31 |
|
Muse
Join Date: Jun 2007
Posts: 601
|
Assist me with the articulation here. "Chemical reactions performed industrially by man"
If I get the homeopathic logic right, I think homeopathic calcium should cure a calcium overdose. Its not so wrong. Magnesium for example is a key component of chlorophyl. Your body, over millennia of evolution, knows how to break down chlorophyl and get the magnesium. If you just eat powdered magnesium, the absorption is worse by several orders of magnitude. Of course, the magnesium is just the same, but in chlorophyl, it's embedded in a protein which is broken down and itself utilized in the digestion. Simply because your body hasn't evolved to digest powdered magnesium, it has evolved to digest chlorophyll and other proteins that contain the elements it needs. [edit:Actually (funny enough) 'synthetic chlorophyll' probably doesn't cut it either because a green plant will contain a truckload of additional proteins and stuff, which the body has evolved to also use in the digestion and absorption] I thought the most toxic thing was Plutonium-239? Well if any homeopathic remedy says it's got plutonium in it, I'd immediatelly inform homeland security. Terrorists could buy a homeopathic remedy the size of the sun and distill it until they get a critical amount of weaponized plutonium to use it in a terrorist attack!!!1 (That is, provided of course, under the completely unsubstantiated and unrealistic assumption that the homeopathic remedies were actually produced the "homeopathic way", rather than being just lactose pills with different labels) |
|
__________________
Damn me, for I am Troll ![]() Skilled above-average and aware of it String Theory Sucks! If you're american and your position is largely reflected by the mainstream media, you are almost certainly wrong. |
|
|
|
|
|
#32 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
If I remember the results of that investigation correctly, no. Plutonium was one of the things we looked at, and it wasn't as toxic on a molecule-per-molecule (or weight-for-weight) basis as the toxins. As I recall. No homoeopathic remedy ever says it has anything in it, for the very good reason that it probably doesn't have any of the whatever-it-is-on-the-label in it. Like I said. Large print, "Belladonna 30C". Small print, "Contents: sucrose/lactose". Rolfe. Rolfe. |
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
#33 |
|
NLH
Join Date: Oct 2002
Posts: 25,885
|
I suspect the concentration of plutonium in many soils is higher than would be found in a homoeopathic 6X plutonium pill. The terrorists would do better to dig up their back yard.
|
|
|
|
|
#34 |
|
Illuminator
Join Date: Jul 2003
Posts: 3,790
|
|
|
__________________
"Reci bobu bob a popu pop." - Tanja "Everything is physics. This does not mean that physics is everything." - Cuddles "The entire practice of homeopathy can be substituted with the advice to "take two aspirins and call me in the morning." - Linda "Homeopathy: I never knew there was so little in it." - BSM |
|
|
|
|
|
#35 |
|
Nap, interrupted.
Join Date: Aug 2001
Location: a little toolshed
Posts: 18,592
|
Originally Posted by Dabljuh
~~ Paul |
|
__________________
Millions long for immortality who do not know what to do with themselves on a rainy Sunday afternoon. ---Susan Ertz RIP Mr. Skinny |
|
|
|
|
|
#36 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
|
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
#37 |
|
Orthogonal Vector
Join Date: Jul 2006
Location: Tarrytown, NY
Posts: 26,432
|
No it is a synthetic atom. And I am surprised ricin is less toxic but I would suspect that you would know more about that than me.
Quote:
|
|
__________________
Sufficiently advanced Woo is indistinguishable from Parody "There shall be no *poofing* in science" Paul C. Anagnostopoulos Force ***** on reasons back" Ben Franklin |
|
|
|
|
|
#38 |
|
Graduate Poster
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Berlin
Posts: 1,077
|
Every time I read the accounts of skeptics trying to kill themselves with homeopathic "medicine", I'm in awe of their bravery. Not because I think homeopathy actually works, but simply because I wouldn't trust the homeopaths to manufacture their stuff correctly, especially when my health or even my life depends on it. Yes, I'm just a wimp.
![]() I'd be interested to know how this particular problem is dealt with when skeptics do the mass suicide stunt in public. Testing the stuff for any harmful ingredients is going to be pretty expensive given the concentrations we're talking about, isn't it? And in any case it's not as impressive as making a beeline for the closest drugstore and swallowing a whole box of whatever homeopathic pills they sell. |
|
__________________
"Our brains are capable of much more than we realize." - mayday |
|
|
|
|
|
#39 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
OK, I stand corrected about polonium's "natural goodness". (Reminds me of the time even pharmacies were promoting "organic germanium" just because someone had decided how nice and healing that name sounded. Yes, it was what the label said. Some people ended up in kidney failure....) A bunch of us (including MRC_Hans and Geni) just looked up toxicity data on the Internet. I was surprised that ricin wasn't in the frame, though if I remember correctly it was one of the ones that wasn't far off. "A single 6X dose"? That's what I said. It's astonishing how little of the mother tincture is in a single dose, even of that preparation (1ppm, I think) - especially by the time you've just sprayed a little of it on some lactose pills and allowed it to dry, then taken one of the pills. Rolfe. |
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
|
|
#40 |
|
Anti-homeopathy illuminati member
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: NT 150 511
Posts: 34,336
|
Realistically, I very much doubt there's anything that shouldn't be there in the overwhelming majority of homoeopathic preparations that really are homoeopathic (excluding that "1X" and "2X" Zicam, and scams like that), and are produced by the well-known homoeopathic manufacturers. They've got too much to lose if the adulteration was discovered. The danger area is much more in Chinese herbal medicine, where anything is a herb, including betamethasone if that's what the guru decided, and even where plants are used, it only has to be a plant that looks like the one in the original recipe. There's a well-known case where a Chinese herbal cream that was performing apparent miracles with children with eczema was found to be pretty much betamethasone cream repackaged. Of course it was producing a marked improvement. By using a prescription-only drug which the dermatologists wouldn't prescribe for the children because of the side-effects. So much for the natural medicine not having side effects. There was another case (in Brighton) where a woman went into kidney failure after a Chinese herbalist gave her a herb which is actually banned in this country because it's known to cause kidney failure. The herbalist was acquitted because she said she didn't know what was in the preparation, she had trusted her supplier. Rolfe. |
|
__________________
"The way we vote will depend, ultimately, on whether we are persuaded to hope or to fear." - Aonghas MacNeacail, June 2012. |
|
|
|
![]() |
| Bookmarks |
| Thread Tools | |
|
|